Ultimo blog

Mi argumento para mi ensayo es sobre política effected everyone’s lives en latino americana very drastically, especialmente en Chile y Cuba. Yo usé dos cuentas y un canción describir mi argumento: "Para se abran las anchas alamedas" de Eduardo Galeano es sobre una voz poética es amigos con Allende. Ellos vean un mensaje ,Allende y voz poética, está con Frei pobres niños tendrán zapatos y con Allende no habrá ningún niño pobre, "Mujer negra" de Nancy Morejón talks about the black women who is a slave to Cuba, y "Plegaria a un labrador" de Víctor Jara is a prayer to a laborer asking for the people to come together and wanting to be freed from the poverty that the people are forced on to them . 

Algo que aprendí en esta clase que encontré interesante fue mucha canción, cuentas, teatros, y poemas estudiamos tenía político implicaciones. Ya que mi especialidad es International relaciones y español, que encontré interesante cuando mis especialidad come together y yo aprendo mucho sobre el gobierno y historia de latino americana. I liked this class a lot, it was like a follow up from last semesters class which was one of my favorites I have taken at Lynchburg College. 

Pablo Milanes

Andres Reynaldo is against what Pablo Milanes stands for politically. It seems to me that Andres Reynaldo thinks Milanes is contradicting himself when it comes to his political views. He opposes American influence in Cuba but praises Castro and how he takes away most of Cuban’s basic rights. Milanes is a juggler of oppression because he wants to be revolutionary in Cuba and is in advocate for freedom in Latin America but he backs Fidel Castro in the policies he makes and Castro stands for an oppressive government. I think the reason Barnet y Milanés comparan Che Guevara con un poeta because the poet writes the poem and gets to have a say on how things are, Che Guevara uses being a political figure that he uses his power to control how life could be like for the Cuban people while him being a part of the revolutionary movement in Cuba. Son de Cuba a Puerto Rico is about how Puerto Rico fell and got taken for a territory for the United States. Cuba will always support Puerto Rico but the country is disappointed that Puerto Rico is now under the control of the United States. The reason I think Cuba feels this way is because Cuba and the United States has never really been allies. The theme of Pecado original is two men who love each other. 

Victor Jara

During Augusto Pinochet’s coup Victor Jara and many other people who sympathized Allende were corralled into a sports stadium in the capital of Chile which is Santiago. Barrientos was a personnel was stationed at the stadium and is accused of torturing and shooting Jara at close range there. Both wrists were broken and his face was disfigured from beatings and was shot 44 times. The kids in the story played with rag balls. They eat earth and worms. The poetic voice says that the Lurchin children are like animals. A prayer is a message to a higher power asking for the higher power to do something. In this poem it is a prayer to a farmer asking for equality and freedom from the bad things on the earth. Me gustan estudiantes y Móvil Oil Special son similar porque it is about students being revoultionary and going against the norms fighting against the imperialist because they want something to change in their country. A "paco" in Chile is a cop. "guanaco" a water-cannon. The singing is a dove which flies to reach and burst open to fly. Canto alcanza gente y cada nota el volumen vuela para obtener mayor. Her song doesn't end and every chain in the middle is the chorus. verse being a dove is looking for nesting. verse is looking for a meaning to take off from. 

Patricio Manns

People are divided among the people who believe Bob Dylan should have won the award to people who believe he should not have won the award. I think it was alright for Bob Dylan to win the Nobel Peace prize. I think musical lyrics are the same thing as poetry because poetry is how poets express themselves and music is how musicians express themselves. Manns was shocked that Bob Dylan won a Nobel Peace prize. Usually musicians do not win the award but poets and writers win the Nobel Peace prize. He never imagined that would happen, it's the same story that a Negro would never get to the White House The American dream is immigrants coming over to the United States and making a better life for them a part from a bad life they left in their country. El sueño americano de Patricio Manns is cuenta that say talks about globalization and the bad and terror conquistadors have made to the Americas. The poetic voice wants the new world to be a great place but it is not all the poetic voice wants it to be. In Altalanza I believe the song is about fighting that happens all over the Americas. the poetic voice wants it to be ours but it is not in that moment. guerrilla is the warfare that has been going on in the Americas. 

Violeta Parra

Violeta Parra es un folk singer who was the leading figure in the Nueva Cancion movement that when viral across Latin America in the 1960s. Some themes that she included in her songs were  political concerns and powerful compositions. Mi favorito cancion de Violeta Parra es Pupila de Aguila. The rhythm of this song is the only one that actually stuck with me out of the other nine songs that I listened to of Parra’s. The song has an interesting message of inspiring societal change through a bird. The problem in Los pueblos americanos is that the borders are keeping people distressed so they need to remove the border to make people happy. The poetic voice likes the students because they do different things than the norm by breaking social norms. I do not know of anyone that goes outside of their way to stand up to the government. La jardiniera is directed to her lover. She is angry at the person who she is burying because he betrayed her. What lies at the center of injustice is Chile. The men do not get paid enough for their work in a month. People are dying of hunger and the misery is very prominent in the country. 

Eduardo Galeano

In the era of 1964-1970 Chile got their first Christian Democratic president Eduardo Frei Montalva. He beat Salvador Allende porque "Chileanization" of copper which ended marxism in the country. In 1970 Frei stepped down and Salvador Allende was inaugurated November 3, 1970. He restructured Chilean society along socialist lines. He weakened foreign investors confidence in his government within his reign. Allende also printed large amounts of unsupported currency to erase some of Chile’s debt which made the whole country go in to a major depression. In March 1973 Allende retained the support of many workers and peasants and won the congressional elections. In September 11,1973 Augusto Pinochet led a military coup that overthrew Allende’s government. In the last speech President Salvador Allende says that he disappointed in the people who did not follow him he will pay with his life the loyalty to the people. As well he thanks the people who followed him especially the women and workers of the country who defend  their farms and their privileges and advantages of a few capitalist society. The message Allende and narrator see is with Frei poor children will have shoes and with Allende there will be no poor children. The narrator explains the lack of milk and other things have gone missing. Eduard Galeano’s book “The Open Veins of Latin America” has been very popular sold more than a million copies and is used as a textbook in some universities. Galeano disowns the book and does not even want to read it himself. There are people who defend him and say no this book is good  the way it is and then there are people who do not like the book and call him an idiot. I believe what a lot of the professors do in this blog that they should still study the book but see how we see and interpret events at different points in time. 

Luisa Valenzuela

Luisa Valenzuela is disturbed when she hears Americans call her fiction surrealist. She says that Latin American writers think of reality in a wide sense and they explore the shadow side of literature. When Valenzuela was young she thought that politics should not be included or anywhere near her writings but now she sees it differently. The only way to deal with politics in literature is to avoid the message at all costs. Juan works in el Departamento de Censura del Ministerio de Comunicaciones because he wants to intercept the letter that he wrote to Mariana. Juan starts out the story with wanting the job just so he could get pass along the letter to Mariana which would not be able to go through without him. As Juan works up the line at his job he starts changing in the job is more important than anything else and he is there for the job only. When he finally sees his letter from Mariana he throws it out because of his devotion to his work. I think this story is a critic of the communism society. Where a single authoritarian party is controlling the means of production. The censors are following these rules that the government made in notion that the government knows everything that is coming in and going out of the country. 

Isabel Allende

Isabel Allende's concept of truth is what is truer than truth is a story. She wants to share what is truer than truth about our common humanity. The protagonist of Isabel Allende’s stories are strong and passionate women. Belisa Crepusculario had a rough home life at the age of 12 she had to fight to survive from the hunger and fatigue. She found a newspaper and couldn’t read it so she paid a priest to teach her how to read. Colonel kidnaps Belisa. Belisa is used by the Colonel because he wants to win presidency in the December election so he asks Belisa to sell him a speech he could make to win voters over. Colonel does great getting the voters to like him. As time went on he obsessively kept on saying the two words that Belisa gave to him, he could not stop saying them. Mulato went to find Belisa so the Colonel could give her, her words back. Belisa put Colonel under a spell with the two words that made the Colonel fall in love with Belisa. The colonel’s puma eyes soften when he gazed at Belisa. In my opinion the two words in this story is Belisa’s name because he keeps saying the two words and then thinking about her. 

Carlos Fuentes

Latin American boom is the explosion of Latin American literature that took place between 1960s and 1980s. A lot of the writers were modernists who wanted to do things in literature that have never been done before. Carlos Fuentes’s works were told from the perspective of multiple narrators that were meant for the personality of the characters and introduce complexities of a human or national personality. 

Some things out of the story of Chac Mool that represent Mexico’s past and present are the religion. Spaniards arriving in Mexico and bringing their religion that is why Mexican’s worship Christ and not Buddha or Mohammad. The Mexican Indian art that represents the Aztecs which are a civilization in Mexico’s past. Filiberto was a crazy man who lives alone and makes special room in his basement for Chac Mool. The narrator seems to think that some of Filiberto’s writings are written from another person like a child. 

Just like noche boca arriba in Chac Mool’s ending made a reader think is his dream a reality. All the time the narrator thought Filiberto was just crazy and that Chac Mool could never be real, at the end of the story the narrador makes the reader think that Chac Mool is actually real. 

Julio Cortazar

Julio Cortazar makes his reader play a game where the reader has to skip some chapters but go back and reread other chapters. The motorcycle accident occurred late at night in the middle of the street. A women tried to throw herself in to traffic and he swerved out of the way and ended up crashing and then fainting. His first dream is strange with fragrances. He smelt war where he grabbed a stone dagger. The smell was a sweet incense of guerra florida. Which is also known as the “flower war” which was a ritual war fought between the Aztec triple Alliance and its enemies of the spaniards when they arrived in 1519. In the story the protagonist believes that he is the enemy of the Aztecs and that the Aztecs are going to hunt him down so he runs away from them. The sound and smell are feared by the protagonist which is why he woke up from the first dream. The last dream is when he believed that is dreams were actually a reality. In the first two dreams he woke up from his dreams knowing that they were not actually a reality but the last one he believed he was a part of the aztec world.  

Gabriel Márquez

Gabriel García Márquez is important because he brought life to his writings. He was very imaginative when using his words that made people’s minds wonder. Baltazar was one of the names of the three wise men that went to visit the baby Jesus after he was born. Baltazar made the cage as a one of a kind for Don Chopo Montiel’s son. It was said by everyone that this cage was the most beautiful cage in the world. Baltazar’s wife was annoyed with him because he neglected his carpentry work and devoted his time to building this cage. Baltazar thought it was a big deal to make this cage because he is making it for Jose  Montiel’s son who he thinks could buy this cage for a lot of money. Turns out that Don Chopo Montiel’s son did not ask his father if he could get a cage and the father angrily dissapproves of having the cage in the house. Even though Don Chopo Montiel did not want the cage in his house Baltazar left the cage in the house and ran away. He lied to his friends that Jose kept the cage and gave him seventy pesos. He realized that this story was in some importance to the people that he actually got money out of Don Chopo Montiel so he did not care to lie to his friends. 

Pablo Neruda

Salvador Allende was a socialist president of Chile in the 1960’s who was overthrown by the armed forces and national police. Rising wages produced a boom in consumerism and Chile had to rely on imports to meet demand. Chilean government was running out of foreign sources of aid which caused a lot of strikes in Chiles. Coup overthrew Allende’s presidency and Augusto Pinochet wad named president of Chile in September 1973. 

Pablo Neruda died in the hospital from prostate cancer in 1973. The day before he was going to move abroad because he was against Pinochet’s dicatorship was when he died and it is thought that Neruda was poisoned by Pinochet’s people. 

The opinion of the poetic voice in the two poems is that the United States exploits Latin America. The United Fruit Company who had a deep and long-lasting impact on the development of a lot of Latin American countries was in fact managed by the United States where they made a monopoly out of the fruit. The oil company that the United States controls extracts production of the world and that the United States militarizes the use of oil. 

Flies are the dictators of other countries This Banana Rebulic was attractive to these dictators because it abolished free will and gave out imperial crowns. 

The Standard oil company assassinated a president and took the land and exploited it for oil.

Juan Rulfo

Juan Rulfo “Pedro Paramo” has been compared to James Joyce in the Ulysses because the story is a narrative where people who are dead are thinking back about their lives. In the story “Es que somos muy pobres” the narrator is a boy who is older than Tacha and they are very poor family. The reason a reader can tell that this is a poor family because the father had to have many jobs to pay for Serpentine. Loosing that cow is a big deal because paying for another cow would take a while due to the fact the father does not make that much money. Tacha means blemish which is like a small mark of flaws on someone's face. The animal is a cow and is named Serpentine. The cow is very important to the family, especially Tacha. The father does not want Tacha to end up like the older sisters who he is disgusted with by their actions. The cow is a like a dowry to marry off their daughters and if the cow gets lost going down the stream then the sister wont have anyone to marry. If Tacha gets married it is like a new and better life for her which her dad wants. 

Jorge Luis Borges

Jorge Luis Borges has very unique sense of style when it came to his writings. They were “halfway houses between essay and a story” says Adolfo Bioy Casares. Borges had an infinite imagination when it came to the topics like detective and the use of labyrinths. Labyrinth is a complicated irregular network of passages or paths in which it is difficult to find one's way which is also a maze. I think it is important in Borges stories because he likes the complex intellectual landscapes that makes a reader think about what is happening in a story. In Babilonia, men made the labyrinth and in Arabia the labyrinth was made by God which was the desert. In Babilonia the labyrinth was a scandal because confusion and wonder are operations of God and not of men. The Arabian king went in the Babilonia’s labyrinth and couldn't get out but then prayed to God which helped him find the door and get out of the labyrinth. The king of Arabia got revenge on the king of Babilonia and tied him to a camel and traveled for three days then untied him and left in the middle of the desert where he died of hunger and thirst. 

Nicolas Guillen

One of Nicolas Guillen’s first influences was Langston Hughes. I think the reason why Langston Hughes was one of Guillen’s influences is because what Hughes stood up for. Hughes leadership of the Harlem Renaissance was about giving a voice to the black artists of New York City. Guillien used that message to give a voice to the black slums of Havana. Guillen was a communist and fought on Spain’s side in the Spanish Civil War. His communist writings in Cuba on political and social grievances got him arrested several times. Then in 1953 he was exiled from his country for five years. The difference between the two grandparents is that one is black and one is white. Another difference between the two is that the black grandpa is dying in response, while the white grandpa is tired. The two are both the same size while they cry, dream, and sing. I think that the relationship between the “I” and “you” is the narrator is talking to him self or the mirror in disgust with the actions that he has made. In Balada de los dos abuelos hay anáfora porque la repetición intencionada de palabras al comienzo de frases Me canso! Me muero! Anáfora is also in No sé por qué piensas tú con the repetición sold ado due te odio yo.

Gabriela Mistral

Some reoccurring themes of Gabriela Mistral’s poems are about children that echoed of lullabies or nursery rhymes. She also has political essays that took an internationalist and feminist position. The controversy surrounding Mistral’s sexuality is that she is a lesbian and in Chile the people are very conservative so they are not fond of her being into anyone but men. “Chile has not brains or common sense yet, it has not maturity. I do not think you have to understand Mistral’s sexuality in order to know what she is talking about in her poems. Mistral talks mostly about Children in her poems and it does not matter if you are super liberal or super conservative you can understand where she is coming from about children. If you read her political works about feminism a reader would probably have to understand where she is coming from with her point of views. The themes that I see in the poem are of a mother who is watching over their child and thinking about the future for that child. I feel the mom is talking about the importance of a mother in a child's life as the narrator puts a parallel in the mother and child's life to the ocean and waves.

Del posmodernismo al Boom

Mexican Revolution that began in 1910 was a movement of the middle class that protested against the dictatorship of President Porfirio Díaz in Mexico and  in the end established a constitutional republic. Díaz was ousted from power and exiled to France. Led by Pancho Villa in northern Mexico and Emiliano Zapata in southern Mexico. 

La novela de la tierra has two important influences which are careful style and the heathen style of modernism, and the issues that rose in politics as well as socio-economics of the XX time period. A big part of these novelas are realistic. The authors try to explain the life around them. Fight against nature and often the landscape or nature itself is the protagonist

The Russian Revolution and the Mexican Revolution influenced the literatura indigenista.  Some of the themes that were discussed were the conditions of the socioeconomics of the mass population especially of the indigenous and the farm peasants. Another theme is expressing the protests of the abuse, poverty, exploitation, and treatment of being insignificant. 

Diferentes el vanguardismo y el posvanguardismo, es vanguardismo emphasizes relations of people in general and the theme is very universal, while posvanguardismo has to deal with existentialism which puts emphasis the existence of the individual person determining their own development through acts of will.

Horacio Quiroga

The reason why Horacio Quiroga is called the Edgar Allan Poe of South America is because that is who Quiroga’s earliest influence of writing came from. Quiroga shows a morbid obsession with death and violence just like Edgar Allan Poe does in his writings. 

“El conductor del rápido” states that 108 conductors were admitted to a mental institution. An insane asylum is a psychiatric hospital that specializes in the treatment of serious mental illnesses. I believe the purpose of an insane asylum is to keep the patient safe as well as the people that the patient may come in contact with. The narrator of this story is in an insane asylum who thinks he is still he works on the train because he has dementia. He goes to the doctor to get examined which he thinks the doctors visit is part of the train company. The rapid conductor leaves the fate of the train up to the train itself so he puts the speed range all the way to a high point of 248 miles per hour. The narrator cannot take it anymore so he puts on the red breaks which he saves the train as well as 125 lives because the narrator says that we feel a sense of duty that is deeply rooted in a nature of man. 

Alfonsina Storni

Alfonsina Storni was one of the few women who made an impact in the male dominated arenas of literature and theatre, who held a valuable voice in Latin American women’s poetry. Storni was a radical playwrights of her time period. At that time she was writing there were no other women writing and her playwrights were about class and gender tension which went against the norms in Argentine theatre. 

The cage is the metaphorical word for men’s way of thinking that a women should be, the oppression that is put on women, and the man represents the men dominating society that man should let women live their lives like they want to and go out to be free to explore. 

I believe the “tu” of the poem is an older family member who is passing down the knowledge to the speaker. the “yo” is the younger family member who is learning about her family members. The tear is venom because tears are a sign of weakness but men can be strong and kill the venom while the women cannot take the venom and it kills them in the end. Venom for guys they can pass it while the women are frail and their should cant bear all the burdens from it. 

Rubén Darío

Dario is still has some presences in today’s contemporary poets. He is a symbol of national pride inspiring Latin American writers and artists across the region. Dario was a significant inspiration to young people because one his important pieces appeared when he was barely 21 years old. 

Swans represent beauty, balance, elegance, and purity. A story that gets told to little kids is the ugly duckling becomes a swan. Where the ugly duckling turns in to this beautiful, elegant bird that is a swan. “The new poetry is under the white wings of the swan” I think Dario is saying that a new poetry is about to be born from the wings of the swan that is going to change how the world looks at poetry. Dario created a body of literary work of revolutionary power and drive that changed Hispanic American culture. He lead a renewal of the Spanish language that showed off his extraordinary literary abilities.

Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th president of the United States, who supported the move that United States invaded Latin America that made Dario angry. President Roosevelt supported a 1903 revolution in Panama that said the Panama Canal was the United States territory. Roosevelt was convinced that Latin America was vulnerable to European attack. The president then added his own coorollary to the Monroe Doctrine which said the United States military should watch over Latin America. 

Ariel

Latin America should not imitate the United States because of their unitarianism tendencies. People lack spirit and art in the United States. Latin America needs to stray away from the United States tendencies so it can develop character and keep its spiritual basis. The united states is a danger that is posed because it is an ambiguous powerful nation this is seeking to build an empire of its own. Such success will have the countries of the south loose their quest for national identity because those countries will want to imitate the United States. The southern countries will not have their own culture because they will take in the United States culture instead. 

I think in a sense Rodó is right in what he says about imitation. “Civilisation, modernity and the nation are all defined by Europe” because a lot of Latin American influences were brought over from conquistadors that were from Europe. Also, before the conquistadors came over their was the ancient civilizations that had their own culture and their own way about doing things. I think that the people who came over from Europe and the natives came together and made their own twist on their own culture. Yes, their culture has a little bit of European influence but there is also the natives who added their own culture to make their country be set a part of Western civilizations. 

Nuestra América

José Martí is a Cuban national hero and is an important figure in Latin American Literature. 

José Martí spent most of life fighting for Cuban’s independence. While he is fighting for the country’s independence he helped the people out as well by trying to unite and reconciling them. 

The new America that José Martí is talking about in "Nuestra América” is the Latin American countries. Which was written about the conflict of Cuba wanting to be independent and not apart of North America.

The problem with the universities in America is that they produce governors but those governors do not know the key components to the different countries. The universities do not teach the basic principals of the art of government. 

Martí says that the young governors go out and wear a yankee or french spectacles and hope to solve problems. Whoever is governing must not brush aside any part of the truth to the country because otherwise they would be doomed to fail. 

Uncultured will govern because it is their habit to attack and resolve doubts where the cultured has failed because they do not know the basics of government. Uncultured are lazy and timid and want to be governed well, but if the government is bad they will end up governing themselves. 

El matadero

Juan Manuel de Rosas was a man who was the governor of Buenos Aires (1835-52). He was head of the federalist party and held a 17 year old dictatorship. After the battle of Caseros Rosas was forced to flee to England where he spent the rest of his life as a farmer. Unitarios wanted a centralized government with no participation of other provinces. The Federales supported the distribution of the external commerce taxes among the provinces. The church was a willing ally when it came to the federalists. El matadero is written towards the end of the 1830’s. It was during Lent, and Buenos Aires was in a shortage of meat. Church has taken over both consciences and stomachs, Church should be able to forbid wrongdoing. Echeverría describes el matadero as fierce and outspoken story that opposed the Federalist regime. Federalist worked in the slaughterhouse where they slaughtered Unitarians. The bull was used in a metaphor to describe how the Unitarians were acting. At the end of the story, the Unitarian was tied down to a table in the form of a cross started gushing out blood from his mouth and his nostrils and poured out on both sides of the table.

De la Independencia al posmodernismo

During 1820 and 1920, most of Latin American countries were getting their independence from Spain, making their own culture that is different from the Spain. Difference between Puerto Rico and Cuba to the rest of Latin America is that Puerto Rico and Cuba were still trying to get their independence from Spain. In a war between the United States and Spain, Cuba got the recognition of an independent country but Spain gave the United States Puerto Rico as a territory.  Realism emphasized observation and attention to the everyday life of ordinary people. Romanticism thought realism was not personal enough and artificial, which favored personal sentiments and spontaneity. Realism laid the foundation for naturalism, which was about observation but also stressed the importance of scientific investigation and the desire for social reform. The writing style that was effected the most was poetry. Poets that were apart of the modernism time period added the use of synesthesia and metaphors which made the work come more alive in their writing pieces. Poetic language came to be more elegant, musical, and sensual to the senses. Modernism effected a lot of people, did not only effect Hispanic Americans but also the effect extended out to Spain. 

Redondillas (Hombres necios)

La voz poética es mujer enojada. En las tres primeras estrofas, mujer está culpando hombres por poner malos pensamientos en las mentes de las mujeres. Hombres hablan mujeres abajo, pero quieren mujeres to act like nothing is wrong and that men weren’t just treating them unfair. Lucretia is a women who was raped and then killed herself because she was commited to only her husband in the Roman time period, which helped play a major role in making the roman empire into a Republic. Thais was a prostitute before she became a saint. In the poema, when a man is courting a woman, he wants her to be like the actions of a prositute to him, but when the woman falls for the man, she has to be lady like. I think the meaning of “a una culpáis por cruel / y a otra por fácil culpáis” is the double standard that men have towards women. Men say one thing about a women but yet another women can do the same thing and that is alright. I think this poem is relevant to today. There was just women’s march on Washington couple weeks ago. The march was about how women are not being treated equally to men, which is what this poema is all about. 

Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz is a woman who was born in New Spain which is now Mexico. She wanted to know more about anything. So she begged her mom to be allowed to dress like a boy and go learn in Mexico City. Her mother only agreed to send her daughter if she goes disguised as a scholarly priest. She was very hard on herself and if she did not meet her expectations she would cut her hair short. In her letter she sounds very annoyed. She pretty much calls men a coward and that men hold women to a double standard that men want one thing from a women but then complain about how women act. Men want women to be a certain way and pressured in to always doing the right thing. In the poem it is noted that men are very good at blaming women for faults that men have made themselves. I think this poem is very interesting because it is very modern and feminism is a pressing topic in recent current events. Even in today’s society it is shown that women are still held to a double standard that women are less than man. 

de la colonia a la independencia

1. La literatura hispanoamericana está dividida en dos subperíodos: Primero es la época colonial en 1600-1750, y entonces hubo el período de la ilustración en 1750 - 1825. 
2. Conceptismo refiere prosa con sus manera inteligente de palabras y ideas. culteranismo describe el estilo en poesía con el uso figuras de lenguaje y palabras sofisticado. Conceptismo y culteranismo ambos fueron usados en el periodo barroco 
3. En la época colonial, no había novelas y otras obras de ficción porque prohibieron la importación a tierras americanas. Poesía es la extensa obra en prosa con un nuevo estilo, el uso de neologismo, Con muy pocas excepciones a poesía. Escritos saltaron el la oportunidad y comenzaron a escribir poesías. 
4. El despotismo ilustrado is a type of government, from the reign of Borbones, where the minority selects the government officials and decides rationally changes in administrative and reforms without popular participation. The complexity, and the excessive linguistic ornamentation that had characterized the baroque was taken out of the writings and replaced with policy and reason. 
5. What influenced las guerras de independencia en la literatura hispanoamericano , at this time period a lot of Latin American countries were trying to get their independence from España. El escritos wrote about history and how they lived through the time of countries that struggled for independence.Bolivar specifically wrote about the liberation of America from Spain and the present and future of America. Jose Joaquin Olmedo wrote about the battle of Junin. Bello wrote about the natural beauty of America and the problems of the Castilian language. 

La Leyenda Negra sobre negativa vista negativa de España. Bartolomé de las casas escribió sobre los españoles practicado una violencia sistemática y participaron un nivel de verdadero genocidio en contra de indígena. Bartolomé  who was a conquistador stood up for the indians because when the spanish were selling slaves, Bartolomé  would show up and substituto the indios por esclavos negors importados de Africa. Bartolomé fue nombrado el protector de los indios. Juan Gines de Sepúlveda said the war against the Indians was justa y licita pero Bartolomé did not think so. He refuted the famous Spaniard Sepúlveda´s thesis. Spanish were corrupt and very cruel to the Americans. People in the Americans wanted to be anti-catholic because that is what spainish people were. The Americans wanted to sepárate themselves from such awful people. At first, like previously mentioned above, the spaniards would work the Indians to death so Bartolomé then said why not African slaves instead which introduced the idea that slavery should be based on race because African slaves work harder than Indian slaves. Bartolomé later tried to save himself saying that slavery should be abolished but the european government did not listen to him. Bartolomé worked until he was dead to abolish African slavery. 500 years later people pushed for that to happen and now they are second-class citizens. 

Popol Vuh y el capítulo 2 de Génesis ambos sobre creando el mundo. Ellos ambos created the the mountains and the valleys and the water that ran in between them first before man.  Un diferencia entre Popol Vuh y el capítulo 2 de Génesis, Popol Vuh había dos personas, Tepeu y Gucumatz. que hizo la tierra. Tepeu y Gucumatz had to have a discussion and meditate before they ever created the earth. El capítulo 2 de Génesis solamente Dios es el creador. el capítulo 2 de Génesis the earth was created by God in siete días, mientras en Popol Vuh was made de la noche a la mañana. el capítulo 2 de Génesis el cielo was created but en Popol Vuh el cielo was not created. Popol Vuh el cielo was created long before la tierra was ever created. El capítulo 2 de Génesis only thing needed to créate man was God himself, mientras Popol Vuh, Tepeu y Gucumatz needed other people to help out ‘Your coming has been fruitful, Heart of Heaven; and you, Huracán, and you, Chipi-Caculhá, Raxa-Caculhá!” el capítulo 2 de Génesis is more of a lighter story, while Popol Vuh I feel like is more dark because people couldn;t get man right so everything they made like the wooden dolls had to be destroyed because they would not talk back to their creator and the maker.

First post

No tengo experiencia legend literatura en español pero tengo mucho experiencia leyendo literatura en inglés. Sólo me gusta leyendo literatura con un arugmento actrativo, de lo contrario muy difícil concentrarse en la literatura and it is like pulling teeth for me to get the assignment finished. I hope that I can better my vocabulary in the Spanish language with in class discussions and while reading the literature assigned. I fear that my lack of vocabulary knowledge in Spanish will badly reflect on my understanding of the literature given.